Earlier studies relied heavily on the use of chemical tracers, such as chloride, silica, and calcium, with the assumption that those tracers behaved in a conservative manner. Other examples involve catchment MTT studies, ecohydrological functioning, and many more. Examples of applicable studies include stream water partitioning into pre-event (water that existed in streams before the onset of current precipitation events) and event (water brought about by the current precipitation event) fractions. The potential impacts of this study on the integrated use of δ 18O and δ 2H in catchment water storage and release dynamics must be further investigated in multiple catchments within various hydro-physiographic settings across the world.īoth chemical and isotopic tracers have, over the years, been applied in studies involving catchment water storage and release dynamics. The flow process in those five outlets were mainly of a shallow subsurface flow as opposed to the other three outlets, which experienced other additional flow dynamics. Tracer-based verifiability of results could be achieved within five of the eight studied outlets during the model process.
Results show that the percentage of behavioral parameter sets across both tracers were lower than 50 at the majority of the studied outlets a phenomenon hypothesized to have resulted from the number of MC runs. The model efficiency was assessed via a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation by setting a minimum Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency threshold of 0.3 for behavioral parameter sets.
#Earman and solomon problem with frequency interpretation series#
An observed streamflow δ 18O (or δ 2H) time series was used to calibrate the model to obtain the simulated time series of δ 18O (or δ 2H) of the streamflow within a nested system of eight Prairie catchments in Canada. A volume weighted δ 18O (or δ 2H) time series of sampled precipitation was used as an input variable in a 50,000 Monte Carlo (MC) time-based convolution modeling process.
The main objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the δ 18O- and δ 2H-based behavioral transit time distributions and (ii) assess if δ 18O and δ 2H-based MTTs can lead to similar conclusions about catchment hydrologic functioning. Using δ 18O and δ 2H in mean transit time (MTT) modeling can ensure the verifiability of results across catchments.
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